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What will an EV cost you over 5 years?

Cheapest to own in the US: Toyota C-HR, $39,295 over 5 years — $37,000 to buy plus $2,295 of home charging.

Your numbers

Model
$0.17/kWh
9,321 mi/yr
Years kept5 yr
18 EVs have both a price and a consumption figure.
Toyota C-HR
Toyota C-HR2026 Toyota C-HR SE AWD#1 of 18 by total cost
Total cost over 5 years$39,295
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$2,295
Energy per 100 mi
$4.92 / 100 mi
Efficiency
EPA
5-yr total
$39,295
Model page

Purchase price plus home charging only — no depreciation, insurance, tax, maintenance or incentives. An estimate, not a quote.

Cost over the years

$37k$44k$50k
Toyota C-HR · 2026 Toyota C-HR SE AWD$39,295
Subaru Uncharted · 2026 Subaru Uncharted GT$46,179
Mercedes-Benz CLA Electric · 2027 CLA 250+ ELECTRIC Sedan$50,092
012345
  • ● Toyota C-HR2026 Toyota C-HR SE AWD$39,295
  • ■ Subaru Uncharted2026 Subaru Uncharted GT$46,179
  • ◆ Mercedes-Benz CLA Electric2027 CLA 250+ ELECTRIC Sedan$50,092

Cheapest to own over 5 years

9,321 mi/yr · $0.17/kWh · 5 yr · US prices by default
#1 Toyota C-HR$39,2952026 Toyota C-HR SE AWD
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$2,295
5-yr total
$39,295
Efficiency
EPA
Model page
#2 Subaru Uncharted$46,1792026 Subaru Uncharted GT
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$2,384
5-yr total
$46,179
Efficiency
30.1 kWh/100 miEPA
Model page
#3 Mercedes-Benz CLA Electric$50,0922027 CLA 250+ ELECTRIC Sedan
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$2,142
5-yr total
$50,092
Efficiency
EPA
Model page
#4 Toyota ES$51,037ES 350e Premium
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$2,142
5-yr total
$51,037
Efficiency
EPA
Model page
#5 Cadillac Optiq$52,5322027 OPTIQ Luxury
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$2,537
5-yr total
$52,532
Efficiency
EPA
Model page
#6 Hyundai Ioniq 6$53,5102025 IONIQ 6 Limited
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$2,410
5-yr total
$53,510
Efficiency
30.4 kWh/100 miEPA
Model page
#7 Rivian R2$60,527R2 Performance
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$2,537
5-yr total
$60,527
Efficiency
32 kWh/100 miEPA
Model page
#8 Volvo EX60$62,065P6 Fully electric
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$2,270
5-yr total
$62,065
Efficiency
EPA
Model page
#9 Cadillac Lyriq$62,3202027 LYRIQ Luxury
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$2,920
5-yr total
$62,320
Efficiency
EPA
Model page
#10 Mercedes-Benz GLC Electric$65,731GLC 400 4MATIC Electric SUV
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$2,231
5-yr total
$65,731
Efficiency
EPA
Model page
#11 Mercedes-Benz EQE SUV$70,7522027 EQE 320 4MATIC SUV
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$3,302
5-yr total
$70,752
Efficiency
41.7 kWh/100 miEPA
Model page
#12 Cadillac Vistiq$80,624VISTIQ Dual Motor AWD 11.5 kW AC
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$3,124
5-yr total
$80,624
Efficiency
EPA
Model page
#13 Mercedes-Benz EQS SUV$93,3542027 Mercedes-Benz EQS 400 4MATIC SUV
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$3,404
5-yr total
$93,354
Efficiency
EPA
Model page
#14 GMC Sierra EV$96,3392026 Sierra EV AT4 Max Range
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$4,144
5-yr total
$96,339
Efficiency
EPA
Model page
#15 Mercedes-Benz EQS$106,7962027 EQS 500 4MATIC Sedan
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$2,346
5-yr total
$106,796
Efficiency
EPA
Model page
#16 GMC Hummer EV SUV$112,2832025 HUMMER EV SUV 3X
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$5,138
5-yr total
$112,283
Efficiency
64.9 kWh/100 miEPA
Model page
#17 Cadillac Escalade IQ$131,5632025 ESCALADE IQ Dual Motor AWD
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$3,863
5-yr total
$131,563
Efficiency
Model page
#18 Mercedes-Benz G-Class with EQ$168,060G 580 mit EQ Technologie
Purchase price
5-yr energy
$4,310
5-yr total
$168,060
Efficiency
54.4 kWh/100 miEPA
Model page

Published facts without a comparable estimate

ModelPurchaseMarket and sourceConsumption (est.)
Nissan Leaf (3rd gen)2026 Nissan LEAF S+ FWDUS · nissanusa.com · 2026-09-1827.8 kWh/100 miEPA
Volvo EX902027 Volvo EX90 Twin Motor (21 Inch Wheels)Single MotorUS · volvocars.com · 2026-10-2338.8 kWh/100 miEPA
VinFast VF8VinFast VF 8 Eco (87.7 kWh extended-range battery, FWD)US · vinfastauto.us · 2026-10-23
Genesis Electrified GV702027 Genesis Electrified GV70 AWD2027 Electrified GV70US · genesis.com · 2026-10-23EPA
Toyota bZ4X2025 Toyota bZ4X2026 Toyota bZ XLEUS · toyota.com · 2026-10-23EPA
Tesla Model 32026 Tesla Model 3 Premium RWDversion not namedUS · fueleconomy.gov · 2026-06-1124.6 kWh/100 miEPA
BMW iX2026 BMW iX xDrive60 (20 inch Wheels)BMW iX xDrive60US · press.bmwgroup.com · 2025-01-2834.8 kWh/100 miEPA
Hyundai Ioniq 92026 Hyundai Ioniq 9 S RWD2026 IONIQ 9 SUS · hyundaiusa.com · 2026-10-23EPA
Volvo EX302026 Volvo EX30 Single motor extended rangeSingle Motor Extended RangeUS · volvocars.com · 2026-10-2329.1 kWh/100 miEPA
Lucid Gravity2026 Lucid Gravity TouringUS · lucidmotors.com · 2026-08-1230.4 kWh/100 miEPA
Kia EV62026 Kia EV6 Light Long Range RWD2026 EV6 Light SR RWDUS · kiamedia.com · 2026-05-04EPA
BMW i52027 BMW i5 eDrive40 Sedan (19 inch Wheels)2027 BMW i5 eDrive40 SedanUS · bmwusa.com · 2026-10-2329.1 kWh/100 miEPA
Polestar 4Polestar 4 Long range Single motorRear motorUS · polestar.com · 2026-10-2337 kWh/100 miEPA
Volkswagen ID. Buzz2025 Volkswagen ID. Buzz Pro SID. Buzz 1st Edition with 4MOTION®US · vw.com · 2026-09-18EPA
VinFast VF92027 VinFast VF 9 Plus2027 VF 9 PlusUS · vinfastauto.us · 2026-10-2349.6 kWh/100 miEPA
Polestar 32026 Polestar 3 Long Range Single Motor (21 Inch Wheels)version not namedUS · polestar.com · 2026-08-1234.8 kWh/100 miEPA
Honda Prologue2026 Honda Prologue EX AWD2026 Honda Prologue EXUS · automobiles.honda.com · 2026-10-2334.1 kWh/100 miEPA
Rivian R1T2027 R1T PremiumUS · rivian.com · 2026-10-2342.6 kWh/100 miEPA
BMW i72027 BMW i7 xDrive50 Sedan (20 inch All-Season Tires)2023 BMW i7 xDrive60US · press.bmwgroup.com · 2022-04-2037.5 kWh/100 miEPA
Volvo EX402026 Volvo EX40version not namedUS · volvocars.com · 2026-08-13EPA
Lexus RZ2026 Lexus RZ 450e AWD (18 inch wheels)2026 Lexus RZ 450eUS · lexus.com · 2026-10-0431.5 kWh/100 miEPA
Hyundai Ioniq 52027 Hyundai Ioniq 5 SEL RWDversion not namedUS · hyundaiusa.com · 2026-08-12EPA
Mercedes-Benz EQEEQE 320+ SedanUS · mbusa.com · 2026-10-2335.6 kWh/100 miEPA
BMW i42026 BMW i4 eDrive40 Gran Coupe (18 inch wheels)BMW i4 eDrive40US · press.bmwgroup.com · 2021-06-0130.9 kWh/100 miEPA
Kia EV92026 Kia EV9 Long Range RWD2026 EV9 Light SRUS · kiamedia.com · 2025-05-2738 kWh/100 miEPA
Acura ZDXType S w/Perf. Wheel & Tire (AWD)US · acura.com · 2026-09-1743 kWh/100 miEPA
Mercedes-Benz EQB2025 Mercedes-Benz EQB 250+version not namedUS · mbusa.com · 2026-08-14EPA
Lucid Air2027 Lucid Air G Touring XR AWD (19 inch wheels)version not namedUS · lucidmotors.com · 2026-08-1126.4 kWh/100 miEPA
Volkswagen ID.42026 Volkswagen ID.4 ProProUS · vw.com · 2026-10-2329.8 kWh/100 miEPA
Subaru Solterra2027 Subaru Solterra AWD2025 Subaru Solterra PremiumUS · media.subaru.com · 2024-12-20EPA
Ford Mustang Mach-E2025 Ford Mustang Mach-E Premium Extended Range AWDUS · ford.com · 2026-10-2332.3 kWh/100 miEPA
Tesla Model Y2026 Tesla Model Y Standard RWD (18in Wheels)version not namedUS · fueleconomy.gov · 2026-06-1424.5 kWh/100 miEPA
Rivian R1S2027 Rivian R1S Premium Long Range (22in)R1S Adventure — Dual StandardUS · assets.rivian.com · 2026-09-1840.1 kWh/100 miEPA
Kia EV32027 Kia EV3 Long Range FWD2027 EV3 Light FWDUS · kiamedia.com · 2026-08-12EPA
Lotus EletreLotus Eletre Sversion not namedUS · lotuscars.com · 2026-08-1246.7 kWh/100 miEPA
BMW iX3 (Neue Klasse)2027 BMW iX3 50 xDrive (20 inch Summer Tires)iX3 50 xDriveUS · press.bmwgroup.com · 2026-05-0728.5 kWh/100 miEPA
GMC Hummer EV Pickup2024 GMC HUMMER EV 3X Pickup with available 24-module battery packversion not namedUS · gmc.com · 2026-08-16EPA
Hyundai Kona Electric2025 Hyundai Kona Electric (17 inch Wheels)2024 Kona Electric SE FWDUS · hyundainews.com · 2024-06-13EPA
Genesis GV602027 Genesis GV60 RWD2027 GV60US · genesis.com · 2026-10-23EPA
Subaru TrailseekerET-HS AWD with manufacturer-option 20-inch aluminium wheels2026 Subaru Trailseeker PremiumUS · media.subaru.com · 2025-12-04EPA
Kia Niro EV2026 Kia Niro Electric Wind2026 Niro EV WindUS · kiamedia.com · 2026-01-2629.8 kWh/100 miEPA
  • Nissan Leaf (3rd gen)2026 Nissan LEAF S+ FWD
    Purchase
    Consumption (est.)
    27.8 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · nissanusa.com · 2026-09-18

  • Volvo EX902027 Volvo EX90 Twin Motor (21 Inch Wheels)
    Purchase
    Single Motor
    Consumption (est.)
    38.8 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · volvocars.com · 2026-10-23

  • VinFast VF8VinFast VF 8 Eco (87.7 kWh extended-range battery, FWD)
    Purchase

    US · vinfastauto.us · 2026-10-23

  • Genesis Electrified GV702027 Genesis Electrified GV70 AWD
    Purchase
    2027 Electrified GV70
    Consumption (est.)
    EPA

    US · genesis.com · 2026-10-23

  • Toyota bZ4X2025 Toyota bZ4X
    Purchase
    2026 Toyota bZ XLE
    Consumption (est.)
    EPA

    US · toyota.com · 2026-10-23

  • Tesla Model 32026 Tesla Model 3 Premium RWD
    Purchase
    version not named
    Consumption (est.)
    24.6 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · fueleconomy.gov · 2026-06-11

  • BMW iX2026 BMW iX xDrive60 (20 inch Wheels)
    Purchase
    BMW iX xDrive60
    Consumption (est.)
    34.8 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · press.bmwgroup.com · 2025-01-28

  • Hyundai Ioniq 92026 Hyundai Ioniq 9 S RWD
    Purchase
    2026 IONIQ 9 S
    Consumption (est.)
    EPA

    US · hyundaiusa.com · 2026-10-23

  • Volvo EX302026 Volvo EX30 Single motor extended range
    Purchase
    Single Motor Extended Range
    Consumption (est.)
    29.1 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · volvocars.com · 2026-10-23

  • Lucid Gravity2026 Lucid Gravity Touring
    Purchase
    Consumption (est.)
    30.4 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · lucidmotors.com · 2026-08-12

  • Kia EV62026 Kia EV6 Light Long Range RWD
    Purchase
    2026 EV6 Light SR RWD
    Consumption (est.)
    EPA

    US · kiamedia.com · 2026-05-04

  • BMW i52027 BMW i5 eDrive40 Sedan (19 inch Wheels)
    Purchase
    2027 BMW i5 eDrive40 Sedan
    Consumption (est.)
    29.1 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · bmwusa.com · 2026-10-23

  • Polestar 4Polestar 4 Long range Single motor
    Purchase
    Rear motor
    Consumption (est.)
    37 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · polestar.com · 2026-10-23

  • Volkswagen ID. Buzz2025 Volkswagen ID. Buzz Pro S
    Purchase
    ID. Buzz 1st Edition with 4MOTION®
    Consumption (est.)
    EPA

    US · vw.com · 2026-09-18

  • VinFast VF92027 VinFast VF 9 Plus
    Purchase
    2027 VF 9 Plus
    Consumption (est.)
    49.6 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · vinfastauto.us · 2026-10-23

  • Polestar 32026 Polestar 3 Long Range Single Motor (21 Inch Wheels)
    Purchase
    version not named
    Consumption (est.)
    34.8 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · polestar.com · 2026-08-12

  • Honda Prologue2026 Honda Prologue EX AWD
    Purchase
    2026 Honda Prologue EX
    Consumption (est.)
    34.1 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · automobiles.honda.com · 2026-10-23

  • Rivian R1T2027 R1T Premium
    Purchase
    Consumption (est.)
    42.6 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · rivian.com · 2026-10-23

  • BMW i72027 BMW i7 xDrive50 Sedan (20 inch All-Season Tires)
    Purchase
    2023 BMW i7 xDrive60
    Consumption (est.)
    37.5 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · press.bmwgroup.com · 2022-04-20

  • Volvo EX402026 Volvo EX40
    Purchase
    version not named
    Consumption (est.)
    EPA

    US · volvocars.com · 2026-08-13

  • Lexus RZ2026 Lexus RZ 450e AWD (18 inch wheels)
    Purchase
    2026 Lexus RZ 450e
    Consumption (est.)
    31.5 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · lexus.com · 2026-10-04

  • Hyundai Ioniq 52027 Hyundai Ioniq 5 SEL RWD
    Purchase
    version not named
    Consumption (est.)
    EPA

    US · hyundaiusa.com · 2026-08-12

  • Mercedes-Benz EQEEQE 320+ Sedan
    Purchase
    Consumption (est.)
    35.6 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · mbusa.com · 2026-10-23

  • BMW i42026 BMW i4 eDrive40 Gran Coupe (18 inch wheels)
    Purchase
    BMW i4 eDrive40
    Consumption (est.)
    30.9 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · press.bmwgroup.com · 2021-06-01

  • Kia EV92026 Kia EV9 Long Range RWD
    Purchase
    2026 EV9 Light SR
    Consumption (est.)
    38 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · kiamedia.com · 2025-05-27

  • Acura ZDXType S w/Perf. Wheel & Tire (AWD)
    Purchase
    Consumption (est.)
    43 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · acura.com · 2026-09-17

  • Mercedes-Benz EQB2025 Mercedes-Benz EQB 250+
    Purchase
    version not named
    Consumption (est.)
    EPA

    US · mbusa.com · 2026-08-14

  • Lucid Air2027 Lucid Air G Touring XR AWD (19 inch wheels)
    Purchase
    version not named
    Consumption (est.)
    26.4 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · lucidmotors.com · 2026-08-11

  • Volkswagen ID.42026 Volkswagen ID.4 Pro
    Purchase
    Pro
    Consumption (est.)
    29.8 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · vw.com · 2026-10-23

  • Subaru Solterra2027 Subaru Solterra AWD
    Purchase
    2025 Subaru Solterra Premium
    Consumption (est.)
    EPA

    US · media.subaru.com · 2024-12-20

  • Ford Mustang Mach-E2025 Ford Mustang Mach-E Premium Extended Range AWD
    Purchase
    Consumption (est.)
    32.3 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · ford.com · 2026-10-23

  • Tesla Model Y2026 Tesla Model Y Standard RWD (18in Wheels)
    Purchase
    version not named
    Consumption (est.)
    24.5 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · fueleconomy.gov · 2026-06-14

  • Rivian R1S2027 Rivian R1S Premium Long Range (22in)
    Purchase
    R1S Adventure — Dual Standard
    Consumption (est.)
    40.1 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · assets.rivian.com · 2026-09-18

  • Kia EV32027 Kia EV3 Long Range FWD
    Purchase
    2027 EV3 Light FWD
    Consumption (est.)
    EPA

    US · kiamedia.com · 2026-08-12

  • Lotus EletreLotus Eletre S
    Purchase
    version not named
    Consumption (est.)
    46.7 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · lotuscars.com · 2026-08-12

  • BMW iX3 (Neue Klasse)2027 BMW iX3 50 xDrive (20 inch Summer Tires)
    Purchase
    iX3 50 xDrive
    Consumption (est.)
    28.5 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · press.bmwgroup.com · 2026-05-07

  • GMC Hummer EV Pickup2024 GMC HUMMER EV 3X Pickup with available 24-module battery pack
    Purchase
    version not named
    Consumption (est.)
    EPA

    US · gmc.com · 2026-08-16

  • Hyundai Kona Electric2025 Hyundai Kona Electric (17 inch Wheels)
    Purchase
    2024 Kona Electric SE FWD
    Consumption (est.)
    EPA

    US · hyundainews.com · 2024-06-13

  • Genesis GV602027 Genesis GV60 RWD
    Purchase
    2027 GV60
    Consumption (est.)
    EPA

    US · genesis.com · 2026-10-23

  • Subaru TrailseekerET-HS AWD with manufacturer-option 20-inch aluminium wheels
    Purchase
    2026 Subaru Trailseeker Premium
    Consumption (est.)
    EPA

    US · media.subaru.com · 2025-12-04

  • Kia Niro EV2026 Kia Niro Electric Wind
    Purchase
    2026 Niro EV Wind
    Consumption (est.)
    29.8 kWh/100 miEPA

    US · kiamedia.com · 2026-01-26

What is in the number and what is not

Included

  • Comparable new price — a single normalized USD value, not the local sticker.
  • Energy over your horizon — distance × derived efficiency × your electricity price.

Not included

  • Depreciation
  • Insurance
  • Tax
  • Maintenance
  • Any incentives
EV incentives by market

How is running cost estimated?

Purchase price
Annual distance
9,321 mi/yr
Years kept
5 yr
Consumption (est.)
290 Wh/mi
Electricity price
$0.17/kWh

Total = purchase + annual distance × years × energy use / 1,000 × electricity price

EPA

Total = new price in US dollars + energy over the years you keep the car (distance × the car's consumption × your electricity price). It excludes depreciation, insurance, tax, maintenance and any incentives. Both parts are estimates, not quotes.

What electricity and energy prices do we assume?

Illustrative, not a quote (as of 2026-06): home charging at $0.17/kWh and public DC fast-charging at $0.45/kWh — rough 2026 ballparks. Real electricity prices vary widely by country, provider, tariff and time of day; treat these as a like-for-like comparison knob, not your actual bill.

Efficiency is the manufacturer's published consumption where we hold it, otherwise each car's usable battery ÷ its official range brought to WLTP (an EPA or CLTC figure is converted by the ranking's factor) — an estimate, not a measured figure, so it carries no confidence dot. The two tariffs (home, public DC) are illustrative ballparks, not quotes.

Methodology

Which EVs use the least charging money?

Dongfeng Xiaohu (小虎) · 2022款 FOR-Two小乖虎 三元锂 leads these 15 comparable versions: about $2.11 at home or $5.58 on public DC per 100 mi. These are energy-only estimates at the benchmark tariffs below, not an ownership-cost ranking.

What electricity and energy prices do we assume?

All markets; no purchase price required. Lower is cheaper. Estimates, not electricity quotes or measured bills. The ownership calculator above uses its own selected market and electricity price.

Illustrative, not a quote (as of 2026-06): home charging at $0.17/kWh and public DC fast-charging at $0.45/kWh — rough 2026 ballparks. Real electricity prices vary widely by country, provider, tariff and time of day; treat these as a like-for-like comparison knob, not your actual bill.

Home charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Public DC charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Inputs and sources
Home charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Public DC charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Inputs and sources
Home charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Public DC charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Inputs and sources
  • EfficiencyCollected365news.biz
Home charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Public DC charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Inputs and sources
Home charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Public DC charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Inputs and sources
Home charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Public DC charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Inputs and sources
Home charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Public DC charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Inputs and sources
Home charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Public DC charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Inputs and sources
Home charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Public DC charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Inputs and sources
Home charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Public DC charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Inputs and sources
Home charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Public DC charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Inputs and sources
  • EfficiencyCollectedevlook.com
Home charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Public DC charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Inputs and sources
Home charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Public DC charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Inputs and sources
  • EfficiencyCLTCCollectedevlook.com
Home charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Public DC charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Inputs and sources
Home charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Public DC charging · USD/100 mi estimate
Inputs and sources

Charging cost = energy use × distance × electricity price. Energy use comes from the held published or measured consumption, city/highway figures, or battery ÷ WLTP-equivalent official range. Each input below keeps its card version, source, date and test cycle. Purchase, depreciation, insurance, taxes and maintenance are excluded.

Questions about running cost

It starts at $0.17/kWh, an illustrative home tariff, not a quote. Set it to the rate on your own bill; every model's energy cost and total re-rank at once.

Energy cost grows with distance: distance × the car's efficiency × your electricity price. The default is 9,321 mi/yr. The purchase price stays the same, so the more you drive, the more efficiency decides the ranking.

Total = comparable purchase price + energy over the years you keep the car (default 5 years). A longer horizon adds energy cost, so a cheaper-to-run car can overtake a cheaper-to-buy one. Depreciation, insurance, tax, maintenance and incentives are not included.

Data sources

1217 sources

1217 of 3597 sources: those behind the cars printed here. The whole list: Markdown · JSON. Source policy

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